Ibisobanuro bya Defocus Signal
"Defocus" ni ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyo gusubiza amaso gishobora guhindura imiterere y'ijisho riri gukura. Iyo habayeho gukangura amaso hakoreshejwe lenses mu gihe cyo gukura kw'amaso, ijisho rizakura ryerekeza aho ikimenyetso cya defocus kiri kugira ngo rigere kuri emmetropia.
Urugero, iyo lenzi ifite ishusho iri hagati y’amaso yambarwa ku jisho riri gukura kugira ngo ishyiremo ishusho mbi (ni ukuvuga ko ishusho iri inyuma ya retina), kugira ngo ishusho igere kuri retina, imboni y’amaso izakura vuba, ibyo bikazamura indwara ya myopia. Iyo lenzi ifite ishusho iri hagati y’amaso yambarwaga, ijisho rizakura neza, umuvuduko w’ijisho uzagabanuka, kandi rizamuke rigere kuri hyperopia.
Uruhare rw'ibimenyetso bya Defocus
Byaragaragaye ko ibimenyetso byo gukuraho ishusho bya retina yo mu ruhande rw'ijisho bigira uruhare runini mu kugenzura imikurire n'iterambere ry'ijisho, cyane cyane iyo ibimenyetso byo hagati n'ibyo mu ruhande rw'ijisho bidahuye, ibimenyetso byo mu ruhande rw'ijisho ni byo biganza. Mu yandi magambo, ibimenyetso byo gukuraho ishusho bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere ya emmetropization kuruta imiterere ya defocus yo mu ruhande rw'ijisho!
Abashakashatsi bemeza ko iyo umuntu yambaye indorerwamo zisanzwe zireba rimwe gusa, ishusho y’imbere ifatwa kuri retina, ariko ishusho y’inyuma ifatwa inyuma ya retina. Retina yo ku ruhande ihabwa ikimenyetso cyo kudashyiramo ishusho, bigatuma uruziga rw’amaso rukura ndetse n’uburebure bw’amarangamutima (myopia) burushaho kwiyongera.
Igishushanyo mbonera cy'indorerwamo za defocus
Indorerwamo zo mu bwoko bwa Multi-point micro-transmission defocus zakozwe kandi zigakorwa hakurikijwe ihame rya peripheral myopia defocus, kugira ngo ishusho y’inyuma ibashe kugwa imbere ya retina. Muri iki gihe, amakuru yoherezwa mu mboni y’ijisho azagabanya umuvuduko w’ikura ry’umurongo w’ijisho. Ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwagaragaje ko ingaruka zayo zo kugenzura myopia zifitanye isano ryiza n’igihe cyo kwambara, kandi ni byiza kwambara amasaha arenga 12 ku munsi.
Ubushakashatsi ku gipimo kinini cya myopia yo kureba kure bwerekana ko kureba kure kw'amashusho y'amaso byihutisha gukura kw'amaso, bigatera kure kw'amaso no gukura kwa myopia. Ku rundi ruhande, kureba hafi kw'amashusho y'amaso bigabanya gukura kw'amaso. Aho amaso agwa imbere ya retina bitewe no kureba hafi bishobora kugabanya gukura kw'amaso ariko ntibishobora kugabanya uburebure bw'axial.
Ku bangavu bafite uburebure bw'umurambararo w'ijisho butarengeje mm 24, ingamba nziza zo gukumira no kugenzura indwara z'amaso zishobora gutuma ijisho rigira uburebure busanzwe mu gihe cy'ubukure. Ariko, ku bantu bafite uburebure bw'umurambararo w'ijisho burenze mm 24, uburebure bw'umurambararo ntibushobora kugabanywa.
Imirasire y'urumuri rwa micro-lens ku mboni z'indorerwamo z'amaso ikora ibimenyetso byo kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kureba imbere mu jisho, ari nabyo by'ingenzi mu kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kureba kure. Ariko, kuba hari mboni nto ku mboni ntibyerekana ko zigira icyo zikora; mboni nto zigomba kubanza gukora neza. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora no gutunganya mboni nto ku mboni rigerageza ubuhanga n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ibigo bikora.
Igishushanyo cya Multi-Focus Micro-Lenses
Nyuma yo kugaragara kwa "defocus theory", abakora lens bakomeye bakoze ubwoko butandukanye bwa lens defocus. Mu myaka ibiri ishize, lens defocus za micro-lens defocus nazo zatangiye gushyirwa ahagaragara imwe nyuma y'indi. Nubwo zose ari lens defocus za multi-focus, hari itandukaniro rinini mu miterere n'umubare w'ingingo zigomba kwitabwaho.
1. Gusobanukirwa na Micro-Lenses
Iyo wambaye indorerwamo z'amaso zikoresha uburyo bwo kureba buto, urumuri ruturuka kure rushobora kugwa kuri fovea, igice cyo hagati cya retina. Ariko, urumuri ruturuka ku nkengero, nyuma yo kunyura muri lens imwe, ntirugera ku murongo umwe wa retina. Kubera ko retina ifite icyerekezo, amashusho aturuka ku nkengero agwa inyuma ya retina. Muri iki gihe, ubwonko buba bufite ubwenge bwinshi. Iyo retina imaze kwakira iyi mashini, ihita yerekeza ku ishusho y'ikintu, bigatuma ijisho risubira inyuma, bigatuma urwego rwa myopia rukomeza kwiyongera.
Ni ngombwa kumenya:
1. Retina ifite akazi ko gukura igana ku ishusho.
2. Iyo ishusho y'imboni yo hagati iguye ku mwanya wa retina, mu gihe ishusho yo ku ruhande igwa inyuma ya retina, bizatuma umuntu atareba kure.
Akamaro k'uturemangingo duto ni ugukoresha ihame ryo guhuza urumuri hamwe n'indorerwamo nziza mu nkengero kugira ngo dukure amashusho yo mu nkengero imbere ya retina. Ibi bituma habaho kureba neza hagati mu gihe binatuma amashusho yo mu nkengero agwa mu gice cy'imbere cya retina, bigatuma retina ikora neza mu rwego rwo gukumira no kugenzura.
Ni ngombwa kumenya:
1. Yaba ari lensi yo mu gice cya peripheral defocus cyangwa lensi ntoya ifite ubushobozi bwo kureba kure, byombi bikurura amashusho yo mu gice cya peripheral imbere ya retina kugira ngo bikore defocus yo mu gice cya peripheral myopic mu gihe bigumana ubushobozi bwo kureba neza hagati.
2. Ingaruka ziratandukana bitewe n'ingano y'amashusho yo ku ruhande agwa imbere ya retina.
2. Igishushanyo mbonera cya lenses ntoya
Mu miterere y'amalenzi maremare afite ubushobozi bwo gukurura ibintu byinshi, dushobora kubona ingingo nyinshi za micro-defocus, zigizwe n'amalenzi maremare yihariye. Ukurikije imiterere y'ubu, amalenzi maremare ashobora kugabanywamo: amalenzi afite imbaraga imwe, amalenzi make atari micro-defocus, n'amalenzi manini atari micro-defocus (hamwe n'itandukaniro rikomeye mu mbaraga hagati y'igice cyo hagati n'igice cyo hagati).
1. Ingaruka zo gufata amashusho y'amatara adafite ubushobozi bwo gupima neza imiterere y'umubiri zihuye n'ibyo abantu biteze, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura imiterere y'umutima.
2. Guhindura "amashusho" adasobanutse: Indorerwamo nyinshi zitagaragara cyane zituma urumuri rudasobanutse neza kandi rugatandukana. Iyo ikimenyetso kiri imbere ya retina gisobanutse neza cyane, gishobora gutoranywa nk'ikimenyetso cy'ibanze cyo kureba hafi, bigatuma amashusho akurikiraho adasobanutse neza.
Ibyiza byo gukoresha lenses zitagira micro-defocus nyinshi:
1. Guteza ubwonko ingorane mu gufata amashusho kubera kudashyiraho uburyo bwo kwibandaho, abana ntibazibanda bakoresheje utuntu duto, ahubwo bazihitiramo ubwabo kwibanda ku bice bisobanutse biri hagati y'agace ko hagati n'inkombe.
2. Gukuraho imiterere y'umutima ifite ubugari n'ubugari, bigatuma umuntu arushaho gufata neza no kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura imikorere y'umutima.
3. Ingaruka zo kureba ukoresheje indorerwamo ntoya
Impungenge ikomeye ku mboni zigenzura myopia zifite utuntu duto ni uko abana bashobora kwibanda ku bintu bakoresheje utuntu duto, ibyo bikaba byagira ingaruka mbi zikurikira:
1. Guhitamo aho kureba hafi nk'ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cy'ishusho
2. Kubona ibintu mu buryo butagaragara neza
3. Kwambara igihe kirekire bigira ingaruka ku guhindura ibintu
4. Bituma habaho impinduka zidasanzwe no guhuza imiterere y'ibintu
5. Kugenzura myopia mu buryo budakora neza iyo ureba ibintu biri hafi aho
Mu gusoza
Kubera ko hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'amalenzi maremare ya micro-defocus afite ubushobozi bwo kwibanda ku bintu byinshi, guhitamo ikwiye biba ikibazo. Uko imiterere y'amalenzi yaba imeze kose, intego ni ugukora ishusho isobanutse neza kuri retina mu gihe hagumana ikimenyetso kidahindagurika kandi gihamye cyo kwibanda ku bintu byinshi imbere ya retina kugira ngo bigabanye iterambere rya myopia no kurekura amaso. Ubuhanga, ikoranabuhanga, no kwemeza ubuziranenge bw'amalenzi maremare ya micro-defocus afite ubushobozi bwo kwibanda ku bintu byinshi ni ingenzi cyane. Amalenzi adakora neza ntabwo agabanya gusa iterambere rya myopia no kurekura amaso, ahubwo no kwambara igihe kirekire bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mihindukire, bigatera guhuza ibintu mu buryo budasanzwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-21-2024