Kureba birimo ibintu byinshi, nko kureba neza, kureba amabara, kureba neza, no kureba neza. Muri iki gihe, indorerwamo zitandukanye zidafite aho zihuriye n’amaso zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukosora myopia ku bana n’ingimbi n’abangavu, bisaba gukosora neza. Muri iki kinyamakuru, turagaragaza muri make uburyo bwo gukosora myopia ku bana n’ingimbi, twibanda ku rugero rwo hasi rw’ubushobozi bwo kureba neza mu miti ikoreshwa mu gukosora kugira ngo bidufashe guhitamo uburyo bukwiye bwo kureba.itara ry'amasoamatara y'indorerwamo.
Igipimo gito cy’icyerekezo cyiza kigomba gusesengura neza kugira ngo hamenyekane igihe gikwiye cyo gukosora kureba kugeza kuri 1.5 n’igihe gikwiye gukosora kureba munsi ya 1.5. Ibi bikubiyemo gusobanukirwa imimerere isaba gusubira inyuma neza n’imimerere ishobora kwihanganira gukosora nabi. Igisobanuro cy’icyerekezo cyiza nacyo kigomba gusobanurwa neza.
Gusobanura ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ubuhanga bwo kureba
Ubusanzwe, iyo abantu bavuga ku bushobozi bwo kubona, baba bavuga ku buryo bwo kureba, ari bwo bushobozi bw'amaso bwo gutandukanya ibintu byo hanze. Mu buvuzi, ubushobozi bwo kubona busuzumwa cyane cyane hakoreshejwe imbonerahamwe y'ubushobozi bwo kubona. Mu bihe byashize, imbonerahamwe nyamukuru zakoreshwaga zari imbonerahamwe mpuzamahanga y'ubushobozi bwo kubona cyangwa imbonerahamwe y'ubushobozi bwo kubona bwa decimal. Muri iki gihe, imbonerahamwe y'ubushobozi bwo kubona ya logarithmic ikoreshwa cyane, mu gihe imyuga imwe n'imwe yihariye ishobora gusaba imbonerahamwe y'ubushobozi bwo kubona ya C-type. Hatitawe ku bwoko bw'imbonerahamwe ikoreshwa, ubushobozi bwo kubona busuzumwa kuva kuri 0.1 kugeza kuri 1.5, aho imbonerahamwe y'ubushobozi bwo kubona ya logarithmic iri hagati ya 0.1 na 2.0.
Iyo ijisho rishobora kubona kugeza kuri 1.0, rifatwa nk'ubuhanga busanzwe bwo kureba. Nubwo abantu benshi bashobora kubona kugeza kuri 1.0, hari umubare muto w'abantu bashobora kurenza uru rwego. Umubare muto cyane w'abantu bashobora no kubona neza nka 2.0, ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri laboratwari bugaragaza ko ubuhanga bwiza bwo kureba bushobora kugera kuri 3.0. Ariko, isuzuma rya muganga rikunze gufata 1.0 nk'ubuhanga busanzwe bwo kureba, bukunze kwitwa kureba bisanzwe.
Intera yo gupima 1
'Imbonerahamwe y'ubuhanga bwo kureba bwa Logarithmic Standard' ivuga ko intera y'isuzuma ari metero 5.
2 Ibidukikije byo gupima
Imbonerahamwe y'ubuhanga bw'amaso igomba kumanikwa ahantu hafite urumuri rwinshi, uburebure bwayo bugahagaze neza ku buryo umurongo wanditseho '0' ku mbonerahamwe uba ku rwego rumwe n'amaso y'usuzumwa. Usuzumwa agomba gushyirwa muri metero 5 uvuye ku mbonerahamwe, areba kure y'aho urumuri ruturuka kugira ngo hirindwe ko urumuri rwinjira mu maso.
3 Uburyo bwo gupima
Buri jisho rigomba gupimwa ukwaryo, ritangirira ku jisho ry'iburyo rigakurikirwa n'iry'ibumoso. Mu gupima ijisho rimwe, irindi jisho rigomba gupfukwa n'ikintu kitagaragara neza nta gukanda. Iyo umuntu usuzuma ashobora gusoma kugeza ku murongo wa 6 neza gusa, byanditse kuri 4.6 (0.4); niba ashobora gusoma umurongo wa 7 neza, byanditse kuri 4.7 (0.5), n'ibindi.
Umurongo ntarengwa w'ubuhanga bwo kureba uwo usuzuma ashobora kumenya ugomba kugaragara (ubuhanga bwo kureba bw'uwo usuzuma bwemezwa ko bugeze kuri iyo gaciro iyo umubare w'amashusho yamenyekanye neza urenze kimwe cya kabiri cy'umubare wose w'amashusho ari ku murongo ujyanye). Agaciro k'uwo murongo kanditswe nk'ubuhanga bwo kureba bw'iryo jisho.
Iyo umuntu usuzuma adashobora kubona neza inyuguti 'E' ku murongo wa mbere w'imbonerahamwe n'ijisho rimwe, agomba gusabwa kujya imbere kugeza igihe abonye neza. Niba abonye neza kuri metero 4, ubushobozi bwo kureba ni 0.08; kuri metero 3 ni 0.06; kuri metero 2 ni 0.04; kuri metero 1 ni 0.02. Ubushobozi bwo kureba bw'ijisho rimwe bwa 5.0 (1.0) cyangwa hejuru bufatwa nk'ubushobozi bwo kureba busanzwe.
4 Imyaka y'umukozi wakorewe ibizamini
Muri rusange, iterambere ry’ijisho ry’umuntu riva ku kureba kure rijya ku kureba kure hanyuma rikagera ku kureba hafi. Mu buryo busanzwe bwo kwakira abantu, ubushobozi bwo kureba bw’umwana butakosowe buri hagati ya 0.5 n’imyaka 4-5, hafi 0.6 n’imyaka 6, hafi 0.7 n’imyaka 7, na hafi 0.8 n’imyaka 8. Ariko, imiterere y’ijisho rya buri mwana iratandukanye, kandi imibare igomba gukorwa hakurikijwe itandukaniro ry’umuntu ku giti cye.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ubushobozi bwo kureba bw'ijisho rimwe bwa 5.0 (1.0) cyangwa hejuru bufatwa nk'ubushobozi bwo kureba busanzwe. Ubuhanga busanzwe bwo kureba si ngombwa ko bugaragaza ubushobozi bwo kureba neza bw'umuganga.
Ibikenewe bitandukanye byo kugarura umwuka mu kirere mu myaka itandukanye
1 Ingimbi n'abangavu (imyaka 6-18)
Impuguke yavuze iti: "Gukosora nabi bishobora gutuma diopteri yiyongera byoroshye. Kubwibyo, ingimbi n'abangavu bagomba gukosorwa bikwiye."
Abaganga benshi b'amaso bajyaga batanga imiti iri hasi gato, izwi nka undercorrection, mu gihe bakoraga ibizamini by'amaso ku bana bafite ikibazo cy'amaso n'ingimbi. Bizeraga ko ugereranije n'imiti yuzuye, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaso yakirwaga byoroshye n'ababyeyi, kuko ababyeyi batifuzaga ko abana babo bambara indorerwamo zikoresha imbaraga nyinshi, batinya ko diopteri yakwiyongera vuba, kandi bakagira impungenge ko izo ndorerwamo zizaba ngombwa burundu. Abaganga b'amaso nabo batekerezaga ko kwambara indorerwamo zidafite ubukana bw'amaso byagabanya umuvuduko w'indwara ya myopia.
Gukosora nabi indwara ya myopia bivuze kwambara indorerwamo zifite imiti mike ugereranije n’ibisanzwe, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo kureba bukosorwa buri munsi y’urugero rwa 1.0 rusanzwe (mu gihe bitagera ku bipimo byiza by’ubushobozi bwo kureba). Imikorere y’imboni z’abana n’ingimbi iri mu cyiciro kidahamye kandi kureba neza ni ngombwa kugira ngo ubushobozi bwabo bwo kureba bukomeze gutera imbere.
Kwambara indorerwamo zidakosowe neza ntibibuza gusa ubushobozi bwo kubona ibintu neza mu bana n'ingimbi, ahubwo binabangamira iterambere ryiza ry'amaso. Iyo ureba hafi y'ibintu, imbaraga nke zo guhagarara no guhuriza hamwe zikoreshwa nk'izisanzwe, bigatuma imikorere y'amaso igabanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita, bigatuma umuntu ananirwa kureba, kandi bigatuma indwara ya myopia yihuta.
Abana ntibagomba kwambara indorerwamo zikwiye gusa, ahubwo nanone, niba imikorere yabo yo kureba idahwitse, bashobora gukenera amahugurwa yo kureba kugira ngo bongere ubushobozi bw'amaso yabo bwo kwibanda ku kintu kimwe kugira ngo bagabanye umunaniro w'amaso kandi bagabanye indwara ya myopia iterwa no kudakora neza kw'amaso. Ibi bifasha abana kugira imiterere myiza y'amaso isobanutse neza, ishimishije kandi irambye.
Abakiri bato 2 (imyaka 19-40)
Mu by’ukuri, urugero rwa myopia muri iki kigero cy’imyaka rudahinduka, kandi rugenda buhoro. Ariko, bitewe n’ibidukikije, abantu bamara igihe kirekire bakoresha ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bakunze kongera urugero rwa myopia. Muri rusange, uburyo bwo kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kubona neza ni bwo bukwiye kwitabwaho cyane, ariko hashobora gukorwa impinduka hashingiwe ku buryo abakiriya bamererwa neza n’ibyo bakeneye mu maso.
Ingingo zo Kwitondera:
(1) Iyo hagaragaye ukwiyongera gukomeye kwa diopteri mu gihe cyo gusuzuma amaso, kwiyongera kwa mbere kwa diopteri ntikugomba kurenza -1.00D. Witondere ibimenyetso byo kubabara nko kugenda, kugorama k'ubutaka, kuzungera, kureba neza hafi y'amaso, kubabara amaso, kugorama k'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, nibindi. Niba ibi bimenyetso bikomeje nyuma yo kwambara indorerwamo mu gihe cy'iminota 5, tekereza kugabanya diopteri kugeza igihe imeze neza.
(2) Ku bantu bafite imirimo isaba akazi kenshi nko gutwara imodoka cyangwa kureba amatangazo, kandi niba umukiriya yishimiye gukosora byuzuye, ni byiza gukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gukosora. Niba hari ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga hafi, tekereza gukoresha lenzi za digitale.
(3) Mu gihe indwara ya myopia ikomeje kwiyongera mu buryo butunguranye, zirikana uburyo bwo kwakira ubumuga bwo mu maso (pseudo-myopia). Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma amaso, menya neza uburyo bwo gutanga imiti ikenewe kugira ngo amaso yombi abe maso neza, wirinde ko yakosorwa cyane. Niba hari ibibazo by’ubushobozi buke bwo kureba cyangwa budahamye, tekereza gukora ibizamini by’imikorere y’amaso.
3 Abageze mu za bukuru (imyaka 40 kuzamura)
Bitewe n’igabanuka ry’ubushobozi bw’ijisho bwo kwakira, iri tsinda ry’imyaka rikunze kugira ikibazo cyo kutabona neza. Uretse kwibanda ku miti ikoreshwa mu kureba kure, ni ngombwa kwita cyane ku mikorere yo kureba hafi mu gihe utanga indorerwamo kuri iri tsinda ry’imyaka no kuzirikana uburyo umukiriya ashobora kwitwara mu gihe ahinduye imiti.
Ingingo zo Kwitondera:
(1) Niba abantu bumva ko imiti bahabwa idahagije kandi bakaba bakeneye cyane kureba kure, nyuma yo kwemeza imiti bahabwa, ni ngombwa kugenzura niba babona hafi. Niba hari ibimenyetso by'umunaniro wo kureba cyangwa kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo kureba hafi bitewe no kugabanuka k'ubushobozi bwo kwakira, tekereza ku batanga lentile ebyiri zigenda zihinduka.
(2) Kumenyera ubuzima biri hasi muri iki kigero cy'imyaka. Menya neza ko buri kwiyongera k'uburemere bw'amaso butarenze -1.00D. Niba ububabare bukomeje nyuma yo kwambara indorerwamo mu gihe cy'iminota 5, gerageza kugabanya igihe uhabwa imiti kugeza igihe imeze neza.
(3) Ku bantu barengeje imyaka 60, hashobora kubaho indwara ya cataract zitandukanye. Niba hari ikibazo cyo kutabona neza (<0.5), banza wibaze niba umukiriya ashobora kugira indwara ya cataract. Isuzuma ryimbitse mu bitaro ni ngombwa kugira ngo hatabaho ingaruka z'indwara z'amaso.
Ingaruka z'imikorere y'amaso ya binocular
Tuzi ko ibisubizo byavuye mu isuzuma ry'amaso bigaragaza imiterere y'amaso muri icyo gihe, muri rusange bigatuma umuntu abona neza iyo arebye intera iri hagati y'isuzuma. Mu mirimo isanzwe ya buri munsi, iyo dukeneye kubona ibintu ku ntera zitandukanye, bisaba ko duhinduranya no guhuza ibintu (uruhare rw'imikorere y'amaso ku mboni). Nubwo haba hari imbaraga zimwe zo kureba, imiterere itandukanye y'imikorere y'amaso ku mboni isaba uburyo butandukanye bwo gukosora.
Dushobora koroshya ubusembwa busanzwe bwo kureba mu jisho ry'ijisho mu byiciro bitatu:
1 Gutandukana kw'amaso - Exophoria
Ibitagenda neza mu mikorere y’amaso ya binocular bishobora kuba birimo: guhuza guke, gutandukana gukabije, no gusohoka mu buryo bworoheje.
Ihame ry’ibibazo nk’ibi ni ugukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo gukosora no kubyuzuza hamwe n’imyitozo yo kureba kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo guhuza amaso yombi no kugabanya umunaniro wo kureba uterwa no kutabona neza mu buryo bugaragara.
2 Gutandukana kw'amaso - Esophoria
Ibitagenda neza mu mikorere y'amaso ya binocular bishobora kuba birimo: guhuza cyane, gutandukana kudahagije, no gucengera mu maso.
Ku bibazo nk'ibi, ihame ni ukureba nabi mu gihe hakorwa ibishoboka byose kugira ngo umuntu abone neza. Iyo imirimo yo kureba hafi ikunze gukorwa, hashobora gukoreshwa lenses za digitale. Byongeye kandi, kongera ubumenyi mu kureba kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya amaso yombi bishobora gufasha kugabanya umunaniro wo kureba uterwa no kutabona neza mu maso.
3 Ibitagenda neza mu macumbi
Ahanini harimo: Icumbi rito, icumbi rikabije, imikorere mibi y'icumbi.
1 Amacumbi adahagije
Niba ari indwara ya myopia, irinde gukosora cyane, shyira imbere ihumure, kandi utekereze ku gukosora nabi ukurikije uko umuntu yambara; niba ari indwara ya hyperopia, gerageza gukosora neza uburyo bwo gutanga imiti ya hyperopia uko bishoboka kose utagize icyo uhindura ku buryo busobanutse.
2 Amacumbi menshi cyane
Ku bijyanye na myopia, niba indorerwamo y’amaso ifite uruziga rwo hasi cyane idashobora kwihanganirwa, tekereza ku gukosora ibintu mu buryo budakwiye, cyane cyane ku bantu bakuru bakora akazi kenshi hafi y’aho bakorera. Niba ari hyperopia, gerageza gukosora neza amabwiriza yatanzwe n’umuti utagize icyo uhindura ku buryo ubyumva neza.
3 Imbogamizi mu by'amacumbi
Ku bijyanye na myopia, niba lens ifite uruziga rwo hasi cyane kugira ngo umuntu abone neza idashobora kwihanganirwa, tekereza ku gukosora nabi. Niba ari hyperopia, gerageza gukosora neza amabwiriza yatanzwe n'umuti ntagire icyo uhindura ku buryo bugaragara.
Mu gusoza
WIyo bigeze ku mahame y’amaso, tugomba gusuzuma ibintu byinshi bitandukanye. Mu gihe tuzirikana imyaka, tugomba no gusuzuma imikorere y’amaso ya binocular. Birumvikana ko hari imiterere yihariye nka strabismus, amblyopia, na refractive anisometropia isaba kwitabwaho ukwayo. Mu bihe bitandukanye, kugera ku kureba neza bigorana ubuhanga bwa tekiniki bwa buri muganga w’amaso. Twizera ko hamwe no kwiga byinshi, buri muganga w’amaso ashobora gusuzuma neza no gutanga amakuru nyayo ya muganga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2024