Astigmatisme ni indwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu maso, akenshi iterwa no kugorama kw'ijisho. Astigmatisme ikunze kubaho mu gihe umuntu avukana, kandi rimwe na rimwe, astigmatisme ishobora kubaho iyo halazion ifashe imboni y'ijisho igihe kirekire. Astigmatisme, kimwe na myopia, ntabwo ishobora gusubizwa inyuma. Muri rusange, astigmatisme iri hejuru ya dogere 300 yitwa astigmatisme yo hejuru.
Hari ibibazo byinshi bifitanye isano n'indorerwamo zifite astigmatisme nyinshi, cyane cyane ku bana n'ingimbi. Mu kazi kabo, abaganga bacu b'amaso bakunze guhura n'abantu bafite astigmatisme nyinshi. Ni ngombwa cyane guhitamo lenti n'amafuremu bikwiye.
Itandukaniro ryo gushushanya hagati ya astigmatism na myopia
Imiterere ya cornea ntabwo imeze neza, ntabwo ari uruziga ahubwo ni ellipsoidal. Imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma mu cyerekezo gihagaze n'icyerekezo kitambitse ziratandukanye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, nyuma y'uko urumuri rwo hanze rusubitswe na cornea, ntirushobora gukora focus iyo rwinjiye imbere mu jisho. Ahubwo, rukora umurongo w'ibanze, bigatuma retina igera imbere. Ishusho irahindagurika, bigatera guta ubushobozi bwo kureba. Ibibazo byo kureba nabi, cyane cyane astigmatisme yoroheje, bishobora kutagira ingaruka nini ku kureba, ariko urugero rwo hejuru rwa astigmatisme nta kabuza ruzagira ingaruka ku kureba.
Myopia ibaho iyo urumuri rwo hanze rwinjiye mu mboni y'ijisho kandi rugasubizwa inyuma n'uburyo bw'ijisho bwo kugarura inyuma. Aho ishusho igaragara ntabwo hashobora kugaragara kuri retina, bigatera ikibazo cyo kutabona neza kure. Hari itandukaniro rikomeye mu ifoto ya myopia na astigmatism, kandi biratandukanye cyane mu buryo nyabwo bwo kureba. Abantu benshi ntibasobanukiwe neza ibi, bigatera urujijo.
Hari umubare muto w'abarwayi bafite ikibazo cyo kutagira ubwenge, kandi abenshi muri bo bafite ikibazo cyo kutagira ubwenge hafi cyangwa kure. Mu gihe cyo gupima amaso, ni ngombwa cyane gutanga uburyo bwo gukosora imiti hashingiwe ku itandukaniro riri hagati y'indwara yo kutagira ubwenge na myopia.
Ibisobanuro n'igaragazwa ry'indwara yo kutagira ubwenge bwinshi
Ubukana bw'ubushyuhe bugabanyijemo ibice bitewe n'igipimo. Ubushyuhe buri munsi ya dogere 150 ni ubushyuhe bworoheje, ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 150 na 300 ni ubushyuhe buri hagati, naho ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya dogere 300 ni ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora guteza ingaruka mbi nyinshi ku maso yacu:
1. Bitera ububabare bw'umutwe, kubabara amaso, nibindi: Ububabare bwinshi bw'amaso butagira ubukosozi bushobora gutera ububabare bw'umutwe, kubabara amaso, nibindi. Bishobora kandi gutuma umuntu agira imiterere mibi nko kugorama umutwe. Kubwibyo, abafite ububabare bukomeye bw'amaso bagomba gukosorwa.
2. Umunaniro wo kureba: Bitewe n'imbaraga zitandukanye zo kureba kure za buri meridian, astigmatism ntishobora kuba focus iyo ihindura urumuri rungana, ahubwo ni imirongo ibiri y'ibanze, bityo ubwonko bukunda gusobanura ibintu mu buryo bwihariye. Kugira ngo imiterere y'ahantu igaragara neza, astigmatism igomba guhindurwa uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo igabanye ingano y'uruziga rw'urumuri kugira ngo hongerwe ireme ry'ishusho. Astigmatism nyinshi, iyo idakosowe neza cyangwa nta ndorerwamo, ishobora gutera ububabare bw'umutwe, umunaniro wo kureba n'ibindi bimenyetso, bigatuma byoroha kugira umunaniro wo kureba.
3. Kubona ibintu hafi n'ahandi mu buryo butunguranye: Abantu bafite ikibazo gikomeye cyo kutabona ibintu neza haba ku bintu biri kure cyangwa hafi. Abarwayi bakunze kugira akamenyero ko gufunga amaso yabo no kwihishamo kugira ngo babone neza ibintu.
4. Kubura ubushobozi bwo kureba: Mu maso areba kure y'umurongo w'icyerekezo cya retina, ikintu kigaragara mu cyerekezo kitari ku murongo w'ibanze wa retina kizaba cyoroheje, impande zizaba zitagaragara neza, kandi bizagorana kumenya. Kubona bizagabanuka, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, hazagaragaramo ubushobozi bwo kureba kabiri. Uretse kuba umuntu areba kure y'umubiri, ubwoko bwose bwa astigmatism bushobora gutuma umuntu atabona neza.
5. Igitutu ku mboni y'ijisho: Astigmatisme muri rusange ikosorwa n'indorerwamo zisanzwe cyangwa lenti zo mu maso. Iyo ibikomere n'uduheri ku mboni bitavuwe ku gihe, bizahagarika mboni y'ijisho igihe kirekire bigatera astigmatisme. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, astigmatisme ishobora no guhuzwa na pseudomyopia. Menya ko igice cya pseudomyopia kigomba gukurwaho, kandi astigmatisme ishobora gukosorwa n'indorerwamo.
6. Amblyopia: Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu ndwara ya astigmatisme ikomeye, cyane cyane astigmatisme ikabije. Kubera ko bigoye kubona kure na hafi neza, kandi kureba ntibishoboke, amblyopia ikunze kubaho, hanyuma strabismus ikunze kubaho.
Indorerwamo zigaragara cyane
Indorerwamo zifite astigmatike nyinshi ziragoye gukora bitewe n'imbaraga zazo zimbitse. Kubwibyo, astigmatike nyinshi muri rusange ishobora gushyirwamo lens za resin zifite refractive index refractive index hamwe n'imiterere ya aspherical, ku buryo zitagaragara nk'izinini cyane. Icyitonderwa ni uko lens zifite astigmatike nyinshi muri rusange ziba ari lens zihariye. Uko astigmatike iba nini, niko bigorana kuyihindura, kandi ibipimo bigoye kurushaho bigomba gutegurwa. Ku bijyanye na astigmatike nini cyane, ibipimo bya frame nabyo bigomba gutangwa kugira ngo bifashe mu gushushanya lens.
Mu guhitamo amafuremu, ugomba kandi gutekereza ku bintu byihariye bya astigmatisme iri hejuru cyane. Kubera ko ubugari bw'inkombe z'amafuremu ya astigmatisme butandukanye cyane, ugomba kwitonda cyane mu guhitamo amafuremu. Hitamo amafuremu ya titaniyumu cyangwa aloyi ya titaniyumu ifite umurambararo muto unyuranamo kandi ikomeye. Ushobora kandi guhitamo fibre ya acetate cyangwa amafuremu ya plate afite ubugari bwiza. Tegereza.
Ntabwo ari byiza guhitamo amakaramu adafite fremu cyangwa igice cy'amakaramu. Ni byiza guhitamo amakaramu yuzuye. Mu gihe utunganya no gukora, shyira imbaraga cyane ku kibazo cyo guhindagurika kw'amakaramu gihindura umurongo wa astigmatism w'amakaramu bitewe n'ikoranabuhanga ribi ryo kuyashyira hamwe n'ibikoresho bidahinduka.
Uburyo bwo guhitamo amafuremu ateye ubwoba cyane:
A. Shyira imbere ibikoresho byoroheje
Uburemere bw'ibikoresho by'urukiramende ni kimwe mu bintu bigira ingaruka ku buremere bw'indorerwamo. Ku bantu bafite indwara ya myopia nyinshi, mu gihe uhitamo ibikoresho, ushobora kwita cyane ku bikoresho nka titaniyumu nziza, karuboni ya tungsten, impapuro nto, na TR90. Ibikoresho bikozwe muri ibi bikoresho muri rusange biroroshye kandi biroroshye kwambara. Biroroshye cyane, biraramba kandi ntibipfa kwangirika byoroshye.
B. Ishusho yuzuye> Igice cy'ishusho> Ishusho idafite ifoto
Ubusanzwe, astigmatisme ifite lens nini, kandi amafuremu atagira umugozi n'adafite umugozi ashyira ahagaragara lens, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku isura gusa, ahubwo binatuma amafuremu yoroha kuyahindura, bigatera impinduka mu ntera yo hagati y'indorerwamo n'umurongo wa astigmatisme w'amafuremu, bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo gukosora. Abantu bafite astigmatisme nyinshi ni byiza guhitamo amafuremu yuzuye.
C. Igitereko kinini si amahitamo meza
Abantu bambara indorerwamo nini zifite ishusho nini bashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kutabona neza no kutabona neza. Kuzambara igihe kirekire bishobora gutera isereri no kuzungera. Indorerwamo nini muri rusange ziraremereye kandi ntizikwiriye abantu bafite indwara ya myopia nyinshi. Kuzambara igihe kirekire bizashyira igitutu gikomeye ku mazuru, bishobora gutuma ikiraro cy'izuru kigenda gihinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita.
Hari ibipimo byinshi by'ingenzi ku bijyanye n'amaso n'indorerwamo, nka diopteri n'intera ya interpupillary. Iyo wambaye indorerwamo nini, ugomba kwita cyane ku kumenya niba intera ijyanye n'imbere y'indorerwamo ebyiri ihuye n'aho imboni y'ijisho ryawe iherereye. Niba hari aho indorerwamo zitandukaniye, nubwo amabwiriza y'indorerwamo yaba ari meza, uzumva utameze neza nyuma yo kwambara indorerwamo. Gerageza guhitamo indorerwamo ifite ubugari buto bw'indorerwamo, kandi ugerageze gukomeza uburebure bwo hejuru n'ubwo hasi, kugira ngo ihumure ridagabanuka bitewe no kwangirika kw'impande.
D. Hitamo icyuma kiri hagati y'indorerwamo z'amaso kiri hafi cyane.
Intera y'amaso hagati y'amaso yerekeza ku ntera iri hagati y'inyuma y'indorerwamo n'inyuma y'indorerwamo. Indorerwamo zo gukosora astigmatism ni indorerwamo zizunguruka. Iyo intera iri hagati y'amaso n'amaso yiyongera, imbaraga zo gusubiza inyuma zizagabanuka (uko urugero ruri hejuru, ni ko igabanuka rirushaho kwiyongera), kandi ubushobozi bwo kubona neza nabwo buzagabanuka. Intera iri hagati y'indorerwamo z'indorerwamo zishyushye cyane igomba kuba ntoya uko bishoboka kose. Mu bijyanye no guhitamo imiterere y'indorerwamo no guhindura indorerwamo, ugomba kugerageza guhitamo utudomo tw'izuru cyangwa indorerwamo zifite intera iri hagati y'indorerwamo.
E. Ntugahitemo amafuremu afite insengero nto cyane
Iyo insengero ari nto cyane, imbaraga ziri imbere n'inyuma by'urubaho ntiziba zingana, bityo byoroshye ko urubaho ruremereye hejuru kandi rugashyira uburemere bwinshi ku kiraro cy'izuru, bigatuma indorerwamo zimanuka byoroshye kandi zigira ingaruka ku buryo umuntu yambara neza. Niba ufite astigmatisme (cyane cyane abafite astigmatisme iri hagati kugeza kuri hejuru), iyo uhisemo indorerwamo, ugomba guhitamo indorerwamo zikwiriye intera iri hagati y'indorerwamo.
Ingaruka z'aho astigmatism ihagaze ku ndorerwamo
Intera y'umurongo wa astigmatism ni dogere 1-180. Nzibanda ku guhitamo amakaramu y'imirongo ya astigmatism ya 180 na 90.
Ubwa mbere tugomba kumenya ko umurongo wa astigmatism uri kuri dogere 180, hanyuma ubugari bukaba kuri dogere 90 (icyerekezo gihagaze). Kubwibyo, uburebure bw'urupapuro rw'urupapuro twahisemo ntibugomba kuba burebure. Niba duhisemo urupapuro rufite urupapuro ruto, ubugari mu cyerekezo gihagaze buzashira, kandi lenses zizavamo zizaba zoroshye kandi zoroshye. (Niba urupapuro rurerure, ruzaba ruziga; niba urupapuro rugufi, ruzaba kare kare.)
Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, niba aho umurongo uri ari 90, ubunini buzaba 180 (icyerekezo cy'ubugari). Akenshi igice cyacu kinini kiba inyuma, kandi ubunini bwa astigmatism bwongerwaho inyuma, bityo ubunini burushaho kuba bwinshi. Kubwibyo, icyuma kigomba kuba gito kandi gito, ni ukuvuga ko uko ubugari bwa lens + ubugari bw'umuraba wo hagati bugera hafi y'intera yawe, niko kizaba gito. Ni ngombwa guhitamo lens ifite index nyinshi kugira ngo ubunini budagaragara cyane.
Mu gushyira indorerwamo, "ihumure" n' "ubusobanuro busobanutse" akenshi biravuguruzanya kandi biragoye kubihuza. Uku kuvuguruzanya kugaragara cyane ku ndorerwamo zifite astigmatism. Gusobanura neza bisaba guhindura uko ibintu bimeze, ariko ihumure ntibivuze ko ari ngombwa ko risobanutse. Urugero, kutambara indorerwamo ni byo byoroshye cyane, ariko ntabwo bisobanutse neza.
Indorerwamo zifite astigmatisme nyinshi zirarushaho kuba nziza kandi zisaba kwitabwaho neza mu bijyanye n'amaso no ku miti. Mu gihe uhuye n'astigmatisme nyinshi, ugomba kwitondera guhuza imiterere y'ikirahuri/lens n'urwego rwa astigmatisme n'aho iherereye kugira ngo wirinde ko abakiriya bababazwa n'ibibazo by'ibicuruzwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-17-2023