Abahanga mu by'amaso ba kera bakunze kubaza niba bafite indorerwamo z'ibirahuri cyangwa kristale, kandi basekaga indorerwamo z'ibirahuri dusanzwe twambara muri iki gihe. Kubera ko ubwo batangiraga gukora ku ndorerwamo z'ibirahuri, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga indorerwamo z'ibirahuri ntiryari ryateye imbere bihagije, kandi hari ibibi nko kudashira kandi byoroshye gusiga amabara. Byongeye kandi, abakora n'abacuruzi benshi bafite indorerwamo z'ibirahuri zigomba kugurishwa, bityo inenge z'indorerwamo z'ibirahuri zagiye zishyirwa hejuru igihe kirekire.
Indorerwamo z'ibirahure zifite ibyiza byo kudashira no kugaragara neza. Ariko uburemere bwazo n'ubudakomeye bwazo byatumye zisimburwa n'indorerwamo z'ibirahure. Bitewe n'iterambere rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga, ikoranabuhanga ryo gusiga ryatejwe imbere n'inganda zikora indorerwamo z'ibirahure ryakemuye ibibazo byinshi mu ntangiriro z'ivumburwa rya indorerwamo z'ibirahure. Iyi nkuru izaguha ibisobanuro bigufi ku gusiga indorerwamo z'ibirahure, kugira ngo usobanukirwe neza indorerwamo z'indorerwamo wambara n'amateka yazo.
Muri rusange dufite ubwoko butatu bw'imyambaro ku ma lens, ari bwo: irangi ririnda kwangirika, irangi ririnda kugaragara, n'irangi ririnda kwangirika. Irangi ritandukanye rikoresha amahame atandukanye. Muri rusange tuzi ko ibara ry'inyuma ry'irangi rya resin n'iry'ibirahuri ritagira ibara, kandi amabara adakomeye ku ma lens yacu rusange aterwa n'iyi miterere.
Filimi idashira
Ugereranije n'indorerwamo z'ibirahuri (igice cy'ingenzi cy'ikirahuri ni dioxyde silicon, ikaba ari ibintu bidafite umwimerere), ubuso bw'indorerwamo z'ibirahuri bukozwe mu bikoresho by'umwimerere bworoshye kwambara. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'imikufi ku buso bw'indorerwamo z'ibirahuri bushobora kubonwa hakoreshejwe mikorosikopi. Kimwe kigizwe n'umucanga muto n'amabuye. Nubwo imikufi ari mito kandi iciriritse, uwambaye ntabwo byoroshye kuyigiraho ingaruka, ariko iyo imikufi nk'iyo ikusanyije ku rugero runaka, ikintu cyo gukwirakwira kw'urumuri giterwa n'imikufi kizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo uwambaye abona. Hariho kandi imikufi minini iterwa n'amabuye manini cyangwa ibindi bintu bikomeye. Ubu bwoko bw'imikufi ni burebure kandi impande ni mbi. Iyo imikufi iri hagati muri lens, igira ingaruka ku buryo uwambaye abona. Kubwibyo, filime idashira yabayeho.
Iyi filime idashira kandi imaze imyaka myinshi itera imbere. Ubwa mbere, yatangiye mu myaka ya 1970. Icyo gihe, byitezwe ko ikirahure kidashira kubera ubukana bwacyo bwinshi, bityo kugira ngo lenzi ya resin ibe ifite ubukana bumwe bwo kudashira, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutwikira imvange. , urwego rw'ibikoresho bya quartz rushyirwa hejuru y'urumuri rwa organic. Ariko, bitewe n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kwagura ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho byombi, imvange yoroshye kugwa kandi iracikagurika, kandi ingaruka zo kudashira si nziza. Ikoranabuhanga rishya rizagaragara buri myaka icumi iri imbere, kandi imvange yo kudashira ni urwego rwa organic matrix n'uduce tudafite umwimerere. Iya mbere irushaho gukomera kwa filime idashira, naho iya nyuma yongera ubukana. Uruvange rw'ibi byombi rutanga ingaruka nziza zo kudashira.
Irangi rirwanya kugarura urumuri
Indorerwamo twambara ni nk'indorerwamo zirambuye, kandi urumuri rugaragara ku buso bw'indorerwamo narwo ruzagaragara. Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, urumuri rukorwa n'indorerwamo zacu rushobora kugira ingaruka ku muntu wambaye gusa, ahubwo rukagira ingaruka no ku muntu ureba umuntu wambaye, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, iki kibazo gishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'umutekano. Kubwibyo, kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka mbi ziterwa n'iki kibazo, hakozwe filime zirwanya urumuri.
Udupira two kurwanya urumuri dushingiye ku guhinduka no ku kubangamira urumuri. Mu magambo make, agapira ko kurwanya urumuri gatwikiriwe ku buso bw'ikirahure, ku buryo urumuri rugaragara ku buso bw'imbere n'inyuma bwa gapira ruvangavanga, bityo rugakuraho urumuri rugaragara kandi rugagera ku ngaruka zo kurwanya urumuri.
Filimi irwanya umwanda
Iyo ubuso bw'ikirahure bumaze gutwikirwa n'ikirahure kidakira, biroroshye cyane gusiga ibizinga. Ibi bizagabanya cyane "ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kugarura urumuri" n'ubushobozi bwo kureba bw'ikirahure. Impamvu ni uko urwego rwo kurwanya kugarura urumuri rufite imiterere ya mikorobe, bityo ivumbi rito n'ibizinga by'amavuta byoroshye gusigara ku buso bw'ikirahure. Umuti w'iki kibazo ni ugusiga agapapuro ko hejuru hejuru y'agapapuro ko kurwanya kugarura urumuri, kandi kugira ngo bitagabanya ubushobozi bw'agapapuro ko kurwanya kugarura urumuri, ubugari bw'uru rwego bugomba kuba buto cyane.
Ikirahuri cyiza kigomba kugira firime igizwe n'ibi bice bitatu, kandi kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo kurwanya urumuri, hagomba kubaho ibice byinshi bya firime zirwanya urumuri. Muri rusange, ubunini bw'urwego rudashira ni 3 ~ 5um, firime irwanya urumuri ni hafi 0.3 ~ 0.5um, naho firime ntoya cyane irwanya umwanda ni 0.005um ~ 0.01um. Uburyo firime ikurikiranye kuva imbere kugeza inyuma ni firime irwanya umwanda, firime irwanya urumuri ifite ibice byinshi na firime irwanya umwanda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-08-2022