Raporo y’ubushakashatsi yakozwe n’umuryango w’ubuzima ku isi, ivuga ko mu mwaka wa 2018 umubare w’abarwayi ba myopiya mu Bushinwa wageze kuri miliyoni 600, naho indwara ya myopiya mu rubyiruko ikaza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi.Ubushinwa bwabaye igihugu kinini ku isi gifite myopiya.Dukurikije imibare y'ibarura rya 2021, igipimo cya myopiya kigera hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abatuye igihugu.Hamwe numubare munini wabantu ba myopiya, ni ngombwa cyane kumenyekanisha siyanse ubumenyi bwa myopiya ubumenyi bwumwuga.
Uburyo bwa myopiya
Indwara nyayo ya myopiya ntirasobanuka kugeza ubu.Mu magambo make, ntituzi impamvu myopiya ibaho.
Ibintu bifitanye isano na myopiya
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi na optometrie bubyerekana, kuba myopiya yibasirwa n ibintu byinshi nka genetiki n’ibidukikije, kandi bishobora kuba bifitanye isano nimpamvu zikurikira.
1. Miyopiya ifite imyumvire runaka.Mugihe ubushakashatsi bwibintu byerekeranye na genetike ya myopiya bigenda byiyongera cyane, cyane cyane myopiya ya patologi ifite amateka yumuryango, kuri ubu hemejwe ko indwara ya myopiya ari indwara ya genoside imwe, kandi ikunze kugaragara cyane ni umurage wa autosomal..Myopia yoroshye irazwe mubintu byinshi, hamwe nibintu byabonetse bigira uruhare runini.
2. Kubijyanye n’ibidukikije, ibintu nko gusoma igihe kirekire, kumurika bidahagije, igihe kinini cyo gusoma, kwandika bidasobanutse cyangwa bito cyane, kwandika nabi, kwicara nabi, imirire mibi, kugabanya ibikorwa byo hanze, no kongera urwego rwuburezi bishobora kuba bifitanye isano iterambere rya myopiya.ibintu bifitanye isano.
Itandukaniro rya myopiya
Hariho ibyiciro byinshi bya myopiya, kubera ko igitera gutangira, igitera ibintu bidasanzwe bivunika, urugero rwa myopiya, igihe cya myopiya, igihe gihamye, kandi niba guhinduka birimo bishobora gukoreshwa nkibipimo ngenderwaho.
1. Ukurikije urwego rwa myopiya:
Miyopiya yo hasi:munsi ya dogere 300 (≤-3.00 D).
Miyopiya igereranije:Dogere 300 kugeza kuri dogere 600 (-3.00 D ~ -6.00 D).
Myopia:hejuru ya dogere 600 (> -6.00 D) (nanone bita myopia patologique)
2. Ukurikije imiterere yangiritse (impamvu itaziguye):
(1) Myopia yoroheje,aribyo myopiya iterwa no kwiyongera kwingufu zogusenyuka zijisho ryijisho bitewe nibice bidasanzwe byijisho ryijisho cyangwa guhuza ibintu bidasanzwe mugihe uburebure bwa axial yijisho aribisanzwe.Ubu bwoko bwa myopiya burashobora kuba ubwigihe gito cyangwa burigihe.
Miyopiya ivunika irashobora kugabanywa muri myopiya ya curvature hamwe na myopiya yerekana.Iyambere iterwa ahanini no kugabanuka gukabije kwa cornea cyangwa lens, nk'abarwayi bafite keratoconus, lens spherical lens cyangwa lens nto;icya nyuma giterwa nigipimo cyinshi cyo kwanga urwenya rwamazi na lens, nka cataracte primaire, iris-ciliary abarwayi batwika umubiri.
(2) Myopia ya Axial:Igabanijemo kandi ibice bya myopiya idafite plastike na myopiya ya plastike.Miyopiya idafite plastike isobanura ko imbaraga zo gukurura ijisho ari ibisanzwe, ariko uburebure bwimbere ninyuma yinyuma yijisho rirenze urwego rusanzwe.Buri 1mm kwiyongera mumutwe wijisho rihwanye no kwiyongera kwa dogere 300 za myopiya.Mubisanzwe, diopter ya myopiya ya axial iri munsi ya dogere 600 za myopiya.Nyuma ya diopter ya myopia igice cya axial yiyongereye kugera kuri dogere 600, uburebure bwijisho bwijisho bukomeza kwiyongera.Diopter ya myopia irashobora kugera kuri dogere zirenga 1000, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ikagera no kuri dogere 2000.Ubu bwoko bwa myopiya bwitwa myopiya itera imbere cyangwa myopiya yahinduwe.
Amaso afite impinduka zitandukanye zindwara nka myopiya ndende, kandi iyerekwa ntishobora gukosorwa neza.Ubu bwoko bwa myopiya bufite amateka yumuryango kandi bufitanye isano.Haracyari ibyiringiro byo kugenzura no gukira mubana, ariko ntabwo ari mukuru.
Myopia ya plastiki axial nayo yitwa plastike nyayo myopiya.Impamvu, nko kubura vitamine hamwe nibintu bikurikirana mugihe cyo gukura no gukura birashobora gutera myopiya, kimwe na myopiya iterwa n'amaso cyangwa indwara z'umubiri.Igabanijemo kandi ibice bya plastike byigihe gito, myopiya ya plastike hagati na myopiya ya plastike.
(a) Pseudomyopia ya plastike yigihe gito:Ubu bwoko bwa myopiya bufata igihe gito cyo gukora kuruta pseudomyopia yigihe gito.Ubu bwoko bwa myopiya, nka pseudomyopia yigihe gito, irashobora gusubira mubyerekezo bisanzwe mugihe gito.Ubwoko butandukanye bwa myopiya busaba uburyo butandukanye bwo gukira.Ibiranga plastike by'agateganyo pseudomyopia: iyo ibintu bikosowe, iyerekwa riratera imbere;iyo havutse ibintu bishya, myopiya ikomeza kwiyongera.Mubisanzwe, hari plastike iri hagati ya dogere 25 na 300.
(b) Myopiya yo hagati:Ubushobozi bwo kubona ntibushobora gutera imbere nyuma yo gukosora ibintu, kandi nta myopiya yukuri ya plastike yagura umurongo ugaragara.
(c) Myopia ya plastike axial:Iyo pseudomyopiya ya plastike mubwoko bwa myopiya ya axial ikura muri myopiya yukuri, biragoye cyane kugarura iyerekwa.Myopia imyitozo yo gukira 1 + 1 ikoreshwa, kandi umuvuduko wo gukira uratinda.Birasaba Igihe nacyo ni kirekire.
(3) Miyopiya ivanze:ubwoko bubiri bwa mbere bwa myopiya bubana
3. Gutondekanya ukurikije iterambere ryindwara nimpinduka zindwara
(1) Myopia yoroshye:Bizwi kandi nka myopiya y'abana, ni ubwoko busanzwe bwa myopiya.Ibintu bikomokaho ntibirasobanuka neza.Bifitanye isano cyane nuburemere bukabije bwibintu bigaragara mugihe cyubwangavu niterambere.Hamwe n'imyaka hamwe no gukura kumubiri, mugihe runaka, bizagenda bihamye.Urwego rwa myopiya muri rusange ni ruto cyangwa ruciriritse, myopiya itera imbere buhoro, kandi iyerekwa ryakosowe ni ryiza.
(3) Myopia ya pathologiya:Bizwi kandi nka myopiya itera imbere, ahanini ifite ibintu bya genetike.Myopia ikomeje kwiyongera, itera imbere byihuse mugihe cyubwangavu, kandi ijisho riracyatera imbere na nyuma yimyaka 20.Uherekejwe n'ingorane nko kwangirika kwa retine muri pole yinyuma yijisho, ibibara bya myopic arc, macula hemorhage, na scleral staphyloma, indwara igenda yiyongera kandi ikura;ingaruka zo gukosora iyerekwa ni mbi mubyiciro bitinze.
4.Gushyira mubikorwa ukurikije niba hari imbaraga zo guhindura zirimo.
(1) Pseudomyopia:Bizwi kandi nka myopiya yakira, iterwa nakazi ko kumara igihe kirekire, kongera imitwaro igaragara, kudashobora kuruhuka, guhagarika umutima cyangwa spasm yakira.Myopia irashobora kubura binyuze mumiti kugirango yagure abanyeshuri.Nyamara, muri rusange abantu bemeza ko ubu bwoko bwa myopiya ari intambwe yambere yo kubaho kwa myopiya no gutera imbere.
(2) Myopiya nyayo:Nyuma yo gukoresha imiti ya cycloplegic nindi miti, urugero rwa myopiya ntirugabanuka cyangwa urugero rwa myopiya rugabanuka munsi ya 0.50D.
(3) Miyopiya ivanze:bivuga diopter ya myopiya yagabanutse nyuma yo gukoresha imiti ya cycloplegic nubundi buryo bwo kuvura, ariko leta ya emmetropique ntabwo iragarurwa.
Myopia yukuri cyangwa ibinyoma isobanurwa ukurikije niba guhinduka birimo.Amaso arashobora kwikinisha wenyine kuva kure kugera hafi yibintu, kandi ubu bushobozi bwo gukura bushingiye kumikorere yo guhindura amaso.Imikorere idasanzwe yo gucumbikira amaso iracyagabanyijemo: pseudomyopia yigihe gito yakira na myopiya yukuri.
Pseudomyopia yigihe gito, iyerekwa riratera imbere nyuma ya mydriasis, kandi iyerekwa riratera imbere nyuma yuko amaso aruhutse mugihe runaka.Muri myopiya iringaniye, acuite igaragara nyuma yo kwaguka ntishobora kugera kuri 5.0, umurongo wijisho ni ibisanzwe, kandi impande zijisho ntizagurwa muburyo budasanzwe.Gusa nukwongera impamyabumenyi ya myopiya muburyo bukwiye irashobora kugerwaho acuite ya 5.0.
Myopia yukuri.Bivuga kunanirwa kwa pseudomyopia yakira kugirango isubizwe mugihe.Ibi bintu bimara igihe kinini, kandi ijisho ryijisho rirambuye kugirango uhuze nibi byerekezo byegeranye.
Nyuma yuburebure bwa axial yijisho rirambuye, imitsi ya ciliary yijisho iraruhuka kandi ubwumvikane buke bwa lens busubira mubisanzwe.Myopia yarangije inzira nshya y'ubwihindurize.Buri burebure bwa axial yijisho ryaguwe na 1mm.Miyopiya igera kuri dogere 300.Myopia yukuri iracumbitse.Ubu bwoko bwa myopiya nyayo iratandukanye cyane na myopiya yukuri.Ubu bwoko bwa myopiya nyayo nayo ifite amahirwe yo gukira iyerekwa.
Inyongera kuri myopiya
Tugomba kumenya hano ko pseudomyopia atari "myopiya" yubuvuzi kuko iyi "myopiya" irashobora kubaho mubantu bose, muburyo ubwo aribwo bwose, kandi igihe icyo aricyo cyose, kandi amaso azaba ananiwe.Miyopiya ibura nyuma yuko abanyeshuri bagutse ni pseudomyopia, na myopiya ikiriho ni myopiya yukuri.
Axial myopia ishyirwa mubikorwa hashingiwe kubitera ibintu bidasanzwe mubitangazamakuru bivunika mumaso.
Niba ijisho ari emmetropique, ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye bivunika mumaso bihindura urumuri kuri retina.Kubantu bafite emmetropique, imbaraga zose zo gukurura ibitangazamakuru bitandukanye bivunika mumaso hamwe nintera (axis axis) kuva cornea imbere yijisho kugeza retina inyuma irahuye neza.
Niba imbaraga zose zo gukurura ari nini cyane cyangwa intera ni ndende cyane, urumuri ruzagwa imbere ya retina iyo ureba kure, aribyo myopiya.Myopia iterwa n'imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura ni myopiya yanga (iterwa na corneal idasanzwe, lens idasanzwe, cataracte, diabete, nibindi), hamwe na myopiya ya axial iterwa no kurambura uburebure bwa axial yijisho rirenga leta ya emmetropique (ubwoko bwa myopiya ko) abantu benshi bafite)).
Abantu benshi barwara myopiya mubihe bitandukanye.Bamwe bavukanye myopiya, bamwe ni myopic mubyangavu, abandi bahinduka myopic mubukure.Ukurikije igihe cya myopiya, irashobora kugabanywamo myopiya ivuka (myopiya yavutse), myopiya itangira kare (munsi yimyaka 14), myopiya itinze (kuva 16 kugeza 18), na myopiya itinze (nyuma gukura).
Hariho kandi niba diopter izahinduka nyuma ya myopiya ikuze.Niba diopter idahindutse mumyaka irenze ibiri, irahagaze.Niba diopter igumye igihe kirekire mumyaka ibiri, iratera imbere.
Inshamake y'ibyiciro bya myopiya
Mubyerekeranye nubuvuzi bwamaso na optometrie, hariho ibindi byiciro byinshi bya myopiya, ibyo tutazabimenyekanisha kubera ubuhanga bwa microscopique.Hariho ibyiciro byinshi bya myopiya, bitavuguruzanya.Byerekana gusa ibintu bitoroshye kandi bidashidikanywaho byuburyo bwa myopiya ibaho niterambere.Tugomba gusobanura no gutandukanya ibyiciro bya myopiya muburyo butandukanye.
Ikibazo cya myopiya ya buri muntu mubantu bacu myopic igomba kuba ishami ryicyiciro cya myopiya.Nta gushidikanya ko atari siyansi kuvuga kubyerekeye kwirinda no kurwanya myopiya hatitawe ku byiciro bya myopiya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-24-2023