Iyerekwa ririmo ibintu byinshi, nk'ubushishozi bugaragara, iyerekwa ry'amabara, iyerekwa rya stereoskopi, hamwe n'icyerekezo. Kugeza ubu, linzira zitandukanye zikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukosora myopiya mubana ndetse ningimbi, bisaba kuvunika neza. Muri iki kibazo, tuzagaragaza muri make ukuri gukosora myopiya mu bana ndetse ningimbi, twibanze ku ntera ntoya yo kureba neza mu nyandiko yanga kudufasha guhitamo ibikwiyeoptiquelens.
Urwego ntarengwa rwo kureba neza rugomba gusesengurwa neza kugirango hamenyekane igihe gikwiye gukosora icyerekezo kuri 1.5 nigihe gikwiriye gukosora icyerekezo kiri munsi ya 1.5. Ibi bikubiyemo gusobanukirwa nibihe bisaba gukosorwa neza nibihe bishobora kwihanganira gukosorwa. Igisobanuro cyicyerekezo cyiza nacyo kigomba gusobanurwa.
Kugaragaza ibipimo ngenderwaho bya acuity visual
Mubisanzwe, iyo abantu bavuga kubyerekeranye no kubona neza, baba bashaka kuvuga iyerekwa, nubushobozi bwamaso yo gutandukanya ibintu byo hanze. Mubikorwa byubuvuzi, ubushishozi bwibonekeje busuzumwa mbere na mbere hakoreshejwe imbonerahamwe yerekana amashusho. Mubihe byashize, imbonerahamwe nyamukuru yakoreshejwe yari imbonerahamwe mpuzamahanga yerekana amashusho acuity cyangwa imbonerahamwe yerekana amashusho. Kugeza ubu, inyuguti ya logarithmic visual acuity imbonerahamwe ikoreshwa cyane, mugihe imyuga imwe yihariye ishobora gusaba imbonerahamwe ya C yerekana amashusho. Hatitawe ku bwoko bw'imbonerahamwe yakoreshejwe, ubushishozi bugaragara busanzwe bupimwa kuva 0.1 kugeza 1.5, hamwe na logarithmic visual acuity chart iri hagati ya 0.1 na 2.0.
Iyo ijisho rishobora kubona bigera kuri 1.0, bifatwa nkibisanzwe byerekana neza. Mugihe abantu benshi bashobora kubona bagera kuri 1.0, hari ijanisha rito ryabantu bashobora kurenza uru rwego. Umubare muto cyane wabantu ushobora no kubona neza nka 2.0, hamwe nubushakashatsi muri laboratoire bwerekana ko acuite nziza ishobora kugera kuri 3.0. Nyamara, isuzuma ryamavuriro risanzwe rifata 1.0 nkibisanzwe byerekana neza, bikunze kwitwa iyerekwa risanzwe.
Intera yo gupima
Imbonerahamwe 'Standard Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart' iteganya ko intera y'ibizamini ari metero 5.
Ibidukikije
Imbonerahamwe yerekana amashusho igomba kumanikwa ahantu hacanye neza, hamwe n'uburebure bwayo igahuza kuburyo umurongo wanditseho '0' ku mbonerahamwe uri kurwego rumwe n'amaso y'ibizamini. Isuzuma rigomba guhagarikwa kuri metero 5 uvuye ku mbonerahamwe, ukareba kure y’umucyo kugirango wirinde urumuri rwinjira mumaso.
Uburyo bwo gupima
Buri jisho rigomba gupimwa ukundi, guhera kumaso yiburyo ugakurikirwa nijisho ryibumoso. Iyo ugerageza ijisho rimwe, irindi jisho rigomba gutwikirwa ibintu bidasobanutse udashyizeho igitutu. Niba usuzuma ashobora gusoma kugeza kumurongo wa 6 neza, byanditswe nka 4.6 (0.4); niba bashobora gusoma umurongo wa 7 neza, byanditswe nka 4.7 (0.5), nibindi.
Umurongo ntarengwa wo kubona neza uwasuzumye ashobora kumenya agomba kwitonderwa (ubushishozi bwibizamini byizamini byemejwe ko bugera kuri ako gaciro mugihe umubare wamenyekanye neza wa optotypes urenze kimwe cya kabiri cyumubare wuzuye wa optotypes kumurongo uhuye). Agaciro k'uwo murongo kanditswe nkubushishozi bugaragara bw'iryo jisho.
Niba usuzuma adashobora kubona neza inyuguti 'E' kumurongo wambere wimbonerahamwe hamwe nijisho rimwe, bagomba gusabwa gutera imbere kugeza babonye neza. Niba bashobora kubibona neza kuri metero 4, ubushishozi bwabo ni 0.08; kuri metero 3, ni 0.06; kuri metero 2, ni 0.04; kuri metero 1, ni 0.02. Ijisho rimwe ryibonekeje rya 5.0 (1.0) cyangwa hejuru yaryo rifatwa nkibisanzwe bisanzwe.
4 Imyaka y'Ibizamini
Mubisanzwe, iterambere ryoroheje ryijisho ryumuntu riratera imbere kurebera kure emmetropiya hanyuma ikareba kure. Hamwe nububiko busanzwe bwo kubamo, ubushishozi bwumwana budakosowe bugera kuri 0.5 kumyaka 4-5, hafi 0,6 kumyaka 6, hafi 0.7 kumyaka 7, na 0.8 kumyaka 8. Nyamara, buri jisho ryumwana riratandukanye, kandi kubara bigomba gukorwa ukurikije itandukaniro ryabantu.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ijisho rimwe ryerekanwa rya 5.0 (1.0) cyangwa hejuru yaryo rifatwa nkibisanzwe bisanzwe. Ubusanzwe ubushishozi butagaragara ntabwo byanze bikunze bugaragaza icyerekezo cyiza cyabashakashatsi.
Ibikenerwa Bitandukanye Bikenewe Mubihe Bitandukanye
1 Ingimbi (imyaka 6-18)
Impuguke yavuze ati: "Gukosora birashobora gutuma byiyongera kuri diopter. Kubwibyo rero, ingimbi zigomba gukosorwa bikwiye."
Abaganga benshi ba optometriste bakundaga gutanga imiti mike yo hasi, izwi nko gukosorwa, mugihe bakora ibizamini byamaso kubana ba myopic ningimbi. Bizeraga ko ugereranije n’ibisobanuro byuzuye byo gukosora, amabwiriza yo gukosora yakiriwe mu buryo bworoshye n’ababyeyi, kubera ko ababyeyi batashakaga ko abana babo bambara amadarubindi afite ingufu nyinshi, batinya ko diopter yakwiyongera vuba, kandi bafite impungenge ko ibirahuri bizahinduka ibikenewe burundu. . Optometriste yatekereje kandi ko kwambara ibirahuri bidakosowe bizadindiza iterambere rya myopiya.
Gukosora nabi kwa myopiya bivuga kwambara ibirahuri byanditseho munsi yubusanzwe, bikavamo gukosorwa neza kugaragara munsi yurwego rusanzwe rwa 1.0 (mugihe utageze kubipimo byiza byo kubona neza). Imikorere ya binocular yibikorwa byabana ningimbi iri murwego rudahungabana kandi icyerekezo gisobanutse kirakenewe kugirango iterambere rihamye ryimikorere yabo yibyerekezo.
Kwambara ibirahuri bidakosowe ntibibuza gusa ubushobozi bwo kubona ibintu neza mubana ndetse ningimbi ahubwo binabuza iterambere ryiza ryicyerekezo. Iyo urebye hafi yibintu, amacumbi make hamwe nimbaraga zo guhuza birenze ibisanzwe bikoreshwa, biganisha ku kugabanuka kwimikorere yibikorwa bya binocular mugihe, bigatera umunaniro wamaso, kandi byihuta byiterambere rya myopiya.
Abana ntibakeneye kwambara ibirahuri bikosowe gusa ahubwo nanone, niba imikorere yabo itagaragara, barashobora gukenera imyitozo yo kureba kugirango bongere ubushobozi bwijisho ryabo kugirango bagabanye umunaniro wamaso kandi bidindiza iterambere rya myopiya iterwa numurimo udasanzwe wo kwibanda. Ibi bifasha abana kugera kubintu byiza bisobanutse, byiza, kandi birambye.
2 Abakuze bato (imyaka 19-40)
Mubyigisho, urwego rwa myopiya muriki cyiciro kirahagaze neza, hamwe niterambere ryihuta. Ariko, kubera ibidukikije, abantu bamara igihe kinini bakoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bakunda kurushaho gukaza urugero rwa myopiya. Ihame, ibyangombwa byibanze bikenewe kugirango ugere ku cyerekezo cyiza bigomba kuba ibitekerezo byingenzi, ariko birashobora guhinduka bitewe nuburyo bwiza bwabakiriya nibikenewe.
Ingingo ugomba kumenya:
. Witondere ibimenyetso bitameze neza nko kugenda, kugoreka hejuru yubutaka, kuzunguruka, kumvikana neza hafi yo kureba, kubabara amaso, kugoreka ibyuma bya elegitoroniki, nibindi. Niba ibi bimenyetso bikomeje nyuma yo kwambara ibirahuri muminota 5, tekereza kugabanya ibyo wanditse kugeza ni byiza.
(2) Kubantu bafite imirimo isabwa cyane nko gutwara cyangwa kureba ibyerekanwa, kandi niba umukiriya yorohewe no gukosorwa byuzuye, nibyiza gukoresha ikosora rikwiye. Niba harigihe hafi yo gukoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, tekereza gukoresha lensike ya digitale.
. Mugihe cyo kwisuzumisha amaso, wemeze ibyangombwa byibuze bikenewe kugirango ubone neza neza mumaso yombi, wirinde gukosorwa birenze. Niba hari ibibazo bijyanye n'ubukene butagaragara cyangwa butajegajega bwakosowe, tekereza gukora ibizamini bifatika. "
3 Abaturage bageze mu zabukuru (imyaka 40 no hejuru)
Bitewe no kugabanuka kwubushobozi bwamaso yijisho, iyi myaka ikunze guhura na presbyopiya. Usibye kwibanda ku cyerekezo cyo kureba kure, ni ngombwa kwitondera byumwihariko gukosora iyerekwa hafi mugihe utanga ibirahuri kuriyi myaka kandi ukanareba uburyo abakiriya bahuza nimpinduka zandikirwa.
Ingingo ugomba kumenya:
. Niba hari ibimenyetso byerekana umunaniro ugaragara cyangwa kugabanuka kwerekwa hafi bitewe nubushobozi bwo gucumbika, tekereza kwandikirana ama lens menshi atera imbere.
(2) Guhuza n'imihindagurikire ni bike muri iri tsinda. Menya neza ko buri kwiyongera muburyo bwo kureba kure bitarenze -1.00D. Niba bitagenze neza nyuma yo kwambara ibirahuri muminota 5, tekereza kugabanya ibyo wanditse kugeza byoroshye.
(3) Kubantu barengeje imyaka 60, hashobora kubaho impamyabumenyi zitandukanye. Niba hari gutandukana muburyo bukosowe bwibonekeje (<0.5), keka ko bishoboka ko cataracte mubakiriya. Isuzuma rirambuye ku bitaro rirakenewe kugira ngo hatabaho ingaruka z’indwara z’amaso.
Ingaruka z'imikorere ya Binocular
Twese tuzi ko ibisubizo byabonetse mubisuzuma byamaso byerekana uko amaso yangiritse muri kiriya gihe, ibyo bikaba byerekana neza icyerekezo kiri kure yikizamini. Mubikorwa bisanzwe bya buri munsi, mugihe dukeneye kubona ibintu mumwanya utandukanye, dukenera guhinduka no guhuza-gutandukana (uruhare rwimikorere yibikorwa bya binocular). Ndetse hamwe nimbaraga zimwe zogusenya, leta zitandukanye zimikorere yibyerekezo bisaba uburyo butandukanye bwo gukosora.
Turashobora koroshya iyerekwa risanzwe ridasanzwe mubyiciro bitatu:
1 Gutandukana kwa Ocular - Exophoria
Guhuza ibintu bidasanzwe mumikorere yibyerekezo bishobora kuba birimo: guhuza bidahagije, gutandukana birenze urugero, na exophoria yoroshye.
Ihame ryibibazo nkibi ni ugukoresha ubugororangingo buhagije no kuwuzuzanya namahugurwa yo kureba kugirango tunoze ubushobozi bwo guhuza amaso yombi no kugabanya umunaniro wamaso uterwa no kubona inzitizi zidasanzwe.
2 Gutandukana kwa Ocular - Esophoria
Guhuza ibintu bidasanzwe mubikorwa bya binocular imikorere irashobora kubamo: guhuza birenze urugero, gutandukana bidahagije, na esophoria yoroshye.
Kubibazo nkibi, ihame nugusuzuma kudakosorwa mugihe harebwa icyerekezo gihagije. Niba hafi yimikorere yibikorwa ari kenshi, linzira ya digitale irashobora gukoreshwa. Byongeye kandi, kuzuza imyitozo yo kureba kugirango utezimbere ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya amaso yombi birashobora gufasha kugabanya umunaniro wamaso ukomoka kumyerekano idasanzwe.
3 Amacumbi adasanzwe
Ahanini harimo: Amacumbi adahagije, amacumbi arenze, amacumbi adakora neza.
1 Amacumbi adahagije
Niba ari myopiya, irinde gukosorwa birenze, shyira imbere ihumure, kandi utekereze kudakosorwa ukurikije uko urubanza rwambaye; niba ari hyperopiya, gerageza gukosora byimazeyo imiti ya hyperopique uko bishoboka kose utagize ingaruka kubisobanutse.
Amacumbi akabije
Kuri myopiya, niba intumbero ntoya ya spherical lens yo kureba neza idashobora kwihanganira, tekereza kudakosorwa, cyane cyane kubantu bakuze bakora cyane cyane akazi hafi. Niba ari hyperopiya, gerageza gukosora byimazeyo ibyanditswe bitagize ingaruka kubisobanutse.
3 Imikorere idacumbikirwa
Kuri myopiya, niba intumbero ntoya ya spherical lens yo kureba neza idashobora kwihanganira, tekereza ku gukosorwa. Niba ari hyperopiya, gerageza gukosora byimazeyo ibyanditswe bitagize ingaruka kubisobanutse.
Mu mwanzuro
Wnuko rero bigeze kumahame ya optometric, dukeneye gusuzuma ibintu byinshi. Mugihe tuzirikana imyaka, tugomba nanone gutekereza kumikorere ya binocular. Birumvikana ko hariho ibibazo byihariye nka strabismus, amblyopia, na anisometropia yanga bisaba kwitabwaho bitandukanye. Mubihe bitandukanye, kugera ku cyerekezo cyiza bigora ubuhanga bwa tekinike ya buri optometriste. Twizera ko hamwe no gukomeza kwiga, buri optometriste ashobora gusuzuma byimazeyo no gutanga amakuru yukuri.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2024